Windows 7 Shortcut Keys

General

Win+Up -Up -- Maximize
Win+Up -Down -- Restore / Minimize
Win+Up -Left -- Snap to left
Win+Up -Right -- Snap to right
Win+Up -Shift+Left --Jump to left monitor
Win+Up -Shift+Right -- Jump to right monitor
Win+Up -Home -- Minimize / Restore all other windows
Win+Up -T --

Focus the first taskbar entry
Pressing again will cycle through them, you can can arrow around.
Win+Up -Shift+T cycles backwards.

Win+Up -Space -- Peek at the desktop
Win+Up -G -- Bring gadgets to the top of the Z-order
Win+Up -P -- External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc)
Win+Up -X -- Mobility Center (same as Vista, but still handy!)

Win+Up -#
(# = a number key)--

Launches a new instance of the application in the Nth slot on the taskbar.
Example: Win+Up -1 launches first pinned app, Win+Up -2 launches second, etc.

Win + +
Win + -
(plus or minus key) ---->Zoom in or out.


Explorer;
Alt+P -- Show/hide Preview Pane


Taskbar modifiers

Shift + Click on icon -- Open a new instance
Middle click on icon -- Open a new instance
Ctrl + Shift + Click on icon -- Open a new instance with Admin privileges
Shift + Right-click on icon -- Show window menu (Restore / Minimize / Move / etc)
Note: Normally you can just right-click on the window thumbnail to get this menu

Shift + Right-click on grouped icon -- Menu with Restore All / Minimize All / Close All, etc.
Ctrl + Click on grouped icon -- Cycle between the windows (or tabs) in the group

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Related Articles:

Windows 7 Tutorials
List of New Features in Windows 7